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"Deep learning"
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Deep learning in practice
\"Deep Learning in Practice helps you learn how to develop and optimize a model for your projects using Deep Learning (DL) methods and architectures. This book is useful for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as practitioners in industry and academia. It will serve as a useful reference for learning deep learning fundamentals and implementing a deep learning model for any project, step by step\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
On instabilities of deep learning in image reconstruction and the potential costs of AI
Deep learning, due to its unprecedented success in tasks such as image classification, has emerged as a new tool in image reconstruction with potential to change the field. In this paper, we demonstrate a crucial phenomenon: Deep learning typically yields unstable methods for image reconstruction. The instabilities usually occur in several forms: 1) Certain tiny, almost undetectable perturbations, both in the image and sampling domain, may result in severe artefacts in the reconstruction; 2) a small structural change, for example, a tumor, may not be captured in the reconstructed image; and 3) (a counterintuitive type of instability) more samples may yield poorer performance. Our stability test with algorithms and easy-to-use software detects the instability phenomena. The test is aimed at researchers, to test their networks for instabilities, and for government agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to secure safe use of deep learning methods.
Journal Article
Applications of machine learning and deep learning for privacy and cybersecurity
\"This comprehensive and timely book provides an overview of the field of Machine and Deep Learning in the areas of cybersecurity and privacy, followed by an in-depth view of emerging research exploring the theoretical aspects of machine and deep learning, as well as real-world implementations\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Highly accurate protein structure prediction with AlphaFold
Proteins are essential to life, and understanding their structure can facilitate a mechanistic understanding of their function. Through an enormous experimental effort
, the structures of around 100,000 unique proteins have been determined
, but this represents a small fraction of the billions of known protein sequences
. Structural coverage is bottlenecked by the months to years of painstaking effort required to determine a single protein structure. Accurate computational approaches are needed to address this gap and to enable large-scale structural bioinformatics. Predicting the three-dimensional structure that a protein will adopt based solely on its amino acid sequence-the structure prediction component of the 'protein folding problem'
-has been an important open research problem for more than 50 years
. Despite recent progress
, existing methods fall far short of atomic accuracy, especially when no homologous structure is available. Here we provide the first computational method that can regularly predict protein structures with atomic accuracy even in cases in which no similar structure is known. We validated an entirely redesigned version of our neural network-based model, AlphaFold, in the challenging 14th Critical Assessment of protein Structure Prediction (CASP14)
, demonstrating accuracy competitive with experimental structures in a majority of cases and greatly outperforming other methods. Underpinning the latest version of AlphaFold is a novel machine learning approach that incorporates physical and biological knowledge about protein structure, leveraging multi-sequence alignments, into the design of the deep learning algorithm.
Journal Article
ElemNet: Deep Learning the Chemistry of Materials From Only Elemental Composition
Conventional machine learning approaches for predicting material properties from elemental compositions have emphasized the importance of leveraging domain knowledge when designing model inputs. Here, we demonstrate that by using a deep learning approach, we can bypass such manual feature engineering requiring domain knowledge and achieve much better results, even with only a few thousand training samples. We present the design and implementation of a deep neural network model referred to as ElemNet; it automatically captures the physical and chemical interactions and similarities between different elements using artificial intelligence which allows it to predict the materials properties with better accuracy and speed. The speed and best-in-class accuracy of ElemNet enable us to perform a fast and robust screening for new material candidates in a huge combinatorial space; where we predict hundreds of thousands of chemical systems that could contain yet-undiscovered compounds.
Journal Article
Big data analytics in fog-enabled IoT networks : towards a privacy and security perspective
\"Integration of Fog computing with the resource limited IoT network, formulate the concept of Fog-enabled IoT system. Due to large number of deployments of IoT devices, a IoT is a main source of Big data and a very high volume of sensing data is generated by IoT system such as smart cities and smart grid applications. To provide a fast and efficient data analytics solution for Fog-enabled IoT system is a very fundamental research issue. This book focus on Big data Analytics in Fog-enabled-IoT system and provides a comprehensive collection of chapters that are touches different issues related to Healthcare system, Cyber threat detection, Malware detection, security and privacy of big IoT data and IoT network. This book emphasizes and facilitate a greater understanding of various security and privacy approaches using the advance AI and Big data technologies like machine/deep learning, federated learning, blockchain, edge computing and the countermeasures to overcome the vulnerabilities of the Fog-enabled IoT system\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Brain Tumor/Mass Classification Framework Using Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-Based Isolated and Developed Transfer Deep-Learning Model
With the advancement in technology, machine learning can be applied to diagnose the mass/tumor in the brain using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This work proposes a novel developed transfer deep-learning model for the early diagnosis of brain tumors into their subclasses, such as pituitary, meningioma, and glioma. First, various layers of isolated convolutional-neural-network (CNN) models are built from scratch to check their performances for brain MRI images. Then, the 22-layer, binary-classification (tumor or no tumor) isolated-CNN model is re-utilized to re-adjust the neurons' weights for classifying brain MRI images into tumor subclasses using the transfer-learning concept. As a result, the developed transfer-learned model has a high accuracy of 95.75% for the MRI images of the same MRI machine. Furthermore, the developed transfer-learned model has also been tested using the brain MRI images of another machine to validate its adaptability, general capability, and reliability for real-time application in the future. The results showed that the proposed model has a high accuracy of 96.89% for an unseen brain MRI dataset. Thus, the proposed deep-learning framework can help doctors and radiologists diagnose brain tumors early.
Journal Article
Advanced applications of NLP and deep learning in social media data
\"The primary objective of this book is to build a better and safer social media space by making human language available on different social media platforms intelligible for machines with the blessings of AI. This book bridges the gap between Natural Language Processing (NLP), Advanced Machine(AML) and Deep Learning (DL), and Online Social Media. This book connects various interdisciplinary domains related to Natural Language Understanding, Deep machine Leaning Technology and will be highly beneficial for the students, researchers, and academicians working in this area as this book will cover state-of-the-art technologies around NLP and DML techniques and their role in Social Media Data Analysis. Furthermore, the OSN service providers will take the advantage of this book to update, modify and make better social platforms for its users. Psychiatrists and clinicians will also be beneficial as this book's main focus are to analyze the user behavior in Online Social networks which play a key ingredient in several psychological tests\"-- Provided by publisher.
Book
Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions
In the last few years, the deep learning (DL) computing paradigm has been deemed the Gold Standard in the machine learning (ML) community. Moreover, it has gradually become the most widely used computational approach in the field of ML, thus achieving outstanding results on several complex cognitive tasks, matching or even beating those provided by human performance. One of the benefits of DL is the ability to learn massive amounts of data. The DL field has grown fast in the last few years and it has been extensively used to successfully address a wide range of traditional applications. More importantly, DL has outperformed well-known ML techniques in many domains, e.g., cybersecurity, natural language processing, bioinformatics, robotics and control, and medical information processing, among many others. Despite it has been contributed several works reviewing the State-of-the-Art on DL, all of them only tackled one aspect of the DL, which leads to an overall lack of knowledge about it. Therefore, in this contribution, we propose using a more holistic approach in order to provide a more suitable starting point from which to develop a full understanding of DL. Specifically, this review attempts to provide a more comprehensive survey of the most important aspects of DL and including those enhancements recently added to the field. In particular, this paper outlines the importance of DL, presents the types of DL techniques and networks. It then presents convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which the most utilized DL network type and describes the development of CNNs architectures together with their main features, e.g., starting with the AlexNet network and closing with the High-Resolution network (HR.Net). Finally, we further present the challenges and suggested solutions to help researchers understand the existing research gaps. It is followed by a list of the major DL applications. Computational tools including FPGA, GPU, and CPU are summarized along with a description of their influence on DL. The paper ends with the evolution matrix, benchmark datasets, and summary and conclusion.
Journal Article